What is Zinfandel?

Zinfandel: The All-American Grape with Hidden Roots

Zinfandel, or as it is affectionately called, Zin, is said to be one of the most famous noble grapes in America. Its heavy flavors and deep reds have almost put a brand on California’s sunny wine vineyards for more than a century. But an American dream that spans across continents and centuries lies behind all this American fame.

A Grape Shrouded in Mystery

For years, the actual origins of Zinfandel were one of the most lingering mysteries of the wine world. By its prominence, the grape was American-made, but whispers of its foreign roots carried it by into the decade. The 1960s saw academics embark on a quest to uncover this grape’s true lineage—a journey that would ultimately take them from the rolling hills of Italy to the rugged coastlines of Croatia.

It was a grape called Primitivo, and it looked eerily like Zinfandel. The DNA tests confirmed they were genetically related, but Italy wasn’t where Zin was born. The plot thickened.

The Croatian Connection

As the 20th century moved on, whispers of a Croatian grape Plavac Mali hinted that it wasn’t Zinfandel but one of its parents. Zinfandel’s true identity was the grape Croatian winegrowers called Crljenak Kaštelanski or Tribidrag. It was still waiting to be rediscovered.

Long after researchers had been scouring the ancient Croatian vineyards, the breakthrough came: the elusive Crljenak Kaštelanski, a grape born in the 15th century—Zinfandel’s original identity.

What is Zinfandel? A Tapestry of Flavors

The journey of Zinfandel from the crags of Croatia to California soils has given it its unique flavor profile. It is versatile; from light rosés to full-bodied reds, Zin does not disappoint. Blackberry, strawberry, and raspberry with earthy undertones paint the tasting notes of Zin. Depending on the oak working, hints of vanilla, cocoa, and caramel might also grace the palate.

Although Zinfandel, also known as Zin, and Primitivo are genetically related, these two grapevines grew in uniquely different ways: tamer and earthier is the usual Italian style, in stark contrast to the juicier, more robust Californian Zin.

A Legacy Preserved

The legend of Zin’s resilience: when Prohibition sent other vineyards to ruin, Zin found refuge in the backyards across America. And it so survived nicely. Today, California’s old-vine Zin vineyards—some with vines over a century old—are a testament to this grape’s enduring spirit.

Sip and Savor

If you haven’t yet had a chance to try Zin, it’s one of the more interesting warm-climate red grape varieties. Complex in flavor, there’s much more than just fruit on the nose. Its rich history also makes it fun to drink. Try it. Let us know your favorite producers!

Here are our recommendations for a budding fan of Zinfandel:

• Californian Zin: Ridge and Grgich Hills offer a bold over-the-top experience, while Arnot Roberts and Matthiasson offer restraint and finesse.
• Italian Primitivo: Masserie Liveli and Botromagno offer red-fruited-dominant profiles that contrast beautifully with their Californian counterparts..

The tale of Zinfandel—from Croatian descent to Californian Renaissance—is as rich and complex as the wine you hold in your glass. Whether deep red or sweet White Zinfandel, you are partaking of a heritage that has stood the test of time, trends, and trials.

Understanding the Palate of Zin

The grape family from which Zinfandel originates and its Italian twin, Primitivo, have their result in some inherent likeness in both. Usually, such wines are dry and firm, possessing high strength in terms of alcohol; for instance, such strength is commonly around 16% ABV. Their moderate tannins and acidity are due to a warm climate as well, rewarding grapes that accumulate just the suitable sugar for fermentation.

Zin is an undeniably indulgent wine. It features a complex melody of black and red fruits, ranging from blackberry and black currant to strawberry and raspberry, but it doesn’t stop there. Earthy undertones and a touch of black pepper add complexity to its bouquet.

The impact of oak simply cannot be overstated in characterizing Zin. Depending upon the choice of wood, one could select any or all of the following: vanilla, cocoa, caramel, dill, or even cinnamon the blend. I think it is at this point that the need arises for me to mention that many winemakers in areas like Sonoma or Napa use the American Oak as opposed to the traditional French Oak barrels. It has a near-sinful chocolate-vanilla essence of great richness.

Primitivo and Zin: A Comparative Analysis

While genetically identical, Primitivo and Zin have evolved to reflect their respective terroirs. Italian Primitivo is often more subdued than its American counterpart—full of earthier tones; the wines tend to show off non-fruit characteristics. At the other end of the spectrum, California Zin is unapologetically juicy, with several winemakers even leaving a touch of residual sugar to make sure that character comes through.

The main reason behind this divergence of flavors is harvesting practices. “Primitivo”‘ is derived from the Italian word for ‘primo,’ which means early ripening. Thus, Italian vintners typically harvest them early in the season. The Californian vineyards, however, savor the luxury of a long ripening season, meaning the time during which the sugar and flavor of the grape have time to develop. The result? A Californian Zinfandel tastes fuller in body, richer in alcohol, and exudes a jammy aroma.

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